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Timing Events

Execute some code NOT immediately after a function is called, but after a specified time interval.
It's very easy to time events in JavaScript. The two key methods that are used are:

setTimeout() - executes a code some time in the future
clearTimeout() - cancels the setTimeout()
Both are methods of the HTML DOM Window object.

setTimeout()

Syntax

var t=setTimeout("javascript statement",milliseconds);

setTimeout() returns a value stored in variable t. If you want to cancel this setTimeout(), you can refer to it using the variable name.
First parameter of setTimeout() is a string that contains a JavaScript statement. This statement could be a statement like "alert('5 seconds!')" or a call to a function, like "alertMsg()".
The second parameter indicates how many milliseconds from now you want to execute the first parameter.
There are 1000 milliseconds in one second.

Alert Box displayed 5 seconds after button clicked:

<html>

<head>

<script type="text/javascript">

function timedMsg(){var t=setTimeout("alert('5 seconds!')",5000);}

</script>

</head>

<body>

<form>

<input type="button" value="Display timed alertbox!"

onClick="timedMsg()">

</form>

</body>

</html>

Example - Infinite Loop

To get a timer to work in an infinite loop, we must write a function that calls itself. In the example below, when the button is clicked, the input field will start to count (for ever), starting at 0:

<html>

<head>

<script type="text/javascript">

var c=0

var t

function timedCount()

document.getElementById('txt').value=c;

c=c+1;

t=setTimeout("timedCount()",1000);

</script>

</head>

<body>

<form>

<input type="button" value="Start count!"

onClick="timedCount()">

<input type="text" id="txt">

</form>

</body>

</html>

clearTimeout()

Syntax

clearTimeout(setTimeout_variable)

Example

The example below is the same as the "Infinite Loop" example above. The only difference is that we have now added a "Stop Count!" button that stops the timer:

<html>

<head>

<script type="text/javascript">

var c=0

var t

function timedCount()

document.getElementById('txt').value=c;

c=c+1;

t=setTimeout("timedCount()",1000);

function stopCount()

clearTimeout(t);

</script>

</head>

<body>

<form>

<input type="button" value="Start count!"

onClick="timedCount()">

<input type="text" id="txt">

<input type="button" value="Stop count!"

onClick="stopCount()">

</form>

</body>

</html>