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JavaScript Basics

JavaScript is Case Sensitive
JavaScript ignores extra spaces. You can add white space to your script to make it more readable. The following lines are equivalent:

name="Hege";
name = "Hege";

Break up a Code Line

You can break up a code line within a text string with a backslash. The example below will be displayed properly:

document.write("Hello \
World!");

However, you cannot break up a code line like this:

document.write \
("Hello World!");

Insert Special Characters

Backslash (\) is used to insert apostrophes, new lines, quotes, etc…into a text string.

var txt="We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.";
document.write(txt);

A string is started and stopped with either single or double quotes àabove string will be chopped to: We are the so-called
We must place a backslash (\) before each double quote in "Viking". This turns each double quote into a string literal:

var txt="We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north.";
document.write(txt);

Another Example:

document.write ("You \& I are singing!");

This will produce:

You & I are singing!

Table below lists special characters that can be added to a text string with the backslash sign:

Code	Outputs
\'	single quote
\"	double quote
\&	ampersand
\\	backslash
\n	new line
\r	carriage return
\t	tab
\b	backspace
\f	form feed

Write text on web page

<html>
<body>
<script type="text/JavaScript">
document.write("Hello World!");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Use JavaScript to write HTML tags on web page

<html>
<body>
<script type="text/JavaScript">
document.write("<h1>This is a header</h1>");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Where to Put the JavaScript

JavaScripts in the body section à executed WHILE the page loads.
JavaScripts in the head section à executed when CALLED.

JavaScripts in a page will be executed

while the page loads into the browser.
when a user triggers an event.

Scripts in the head section executed when:

Called, or when
an event is triggered,
When you place a script in the head section, you must ensure that the script is loaded before anyone uses it.

Scripts in the body section executed when:

Page loads go in the body section.
When you place a script in the body section it generates the content of the page.

Using an External JavaScript

To run same JavaScript on several pages, write a JavaScript in an external file.
Save the external JavaScript file with a .js file extension.
External script cannot contain the <script> tag!
To use the external script, point to the .js file in the "src" attribute of the <script> tag:
Place the script exactly where you normally would write the script!